Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Intermittent episodes of fatigue, numbness and blurred vision arise from immune-driven nerve damage, requiring multidisciplinary care to mitigate symptoms and preserve function.
What is multiple sclerosis?
MS is an immune-mediated condition that damages the myelin coating of nerves in the brain and spinal cord. Symptoms often come and go (relapses), but untreated inflammation can leave lasting difficulties, so early, precise diagnosis and treatment matter.
Common symptoms
- Sensory & visual: Numbness/tingling, electric-shock sensations, optic neuritis (painful, blurred vision).
- Movement & balance: Weakness, stiffness/spasticity, poor coordination, falls.
- Cognition & mood: “Brain fog”, slowed thinking, low mood or anxiety.
- Other: Fatigue, bladder/bowel or sexual dysfunction, heat sensitivity (Uhthoff’s phenomenon).
How MS is diagnosed
Diagnosis is primarily clinical, supported by tests that show inflammation separated in time and place:
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MRI brain and spine (with contrast) to identify active and prior lesions.
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Lumbar puncture to look for oligoclonal bands when needed.
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Evoked potentials (visual/sensory) to detect slowed nerve conduction—an area where Dr FM’s neurophysiology expertise adds clarity.
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Blood tests to exclude important “MS mimics.”
Types of MS
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Clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) – a first neurological episode.
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Relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS) – discrete attacks with recovery.
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Secondary progressive MS (SPMS) – gradual worsening after RRMS.
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Primary progressive MS (PPMS) – slow progression from onset.
Personalised treatment with Dr FM
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Disease-modifying therapy (DMT): You’ll discuss first-line and high-efficacy options, choosing between an early high-efficacy or step-up approach, with transparent safety monitoring and MRI surveillance.
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Relapse management: Rapid assessment to exclude infection, then oral or IV corticosteroids when appropriate, plus rehabilitation to speed recovery.
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Symptom control:
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Spasticity (e.g., baclofen programmes, botulinum where indicated)
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Neuropathic pain and spasms
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Fatigue strategies (pacing, sleep optimisation, targeted medication)
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Bladder/bowel care, sexual health, and fampridine-assessment for walking speed where suitable
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Physiotherapy, occupational therapy, speech & language, and neuropsychology
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Lifestyle & prevention: Exercise plans, vitamin D optimisation, smoking cessation, heat/sun guidance, vaccinations, and pregnancy planning with coordinated obstetric advice.
Living well with MS
Structured exercise, good sleep, mood support and practical pacing can substantially improve day-to-day function. You’ll leave each appointment with a written plan, clear goals and direct routes back to the clinic if things change.
When to seek urgent help
Arrange urgent review (or attend emergency care) for sudden new neurological symptoms lasting >24 hours, rapid vision loss, severe weakness, or inability to walk, especially if accompanied by fever/infection.
FAQ
Is there a cure?
Not yet, but modern DMTs significantly reduce relapses and new MRI activity, helping protect long-term function.
Can progressive MS be treated?
Yes—selected DMTs are available for progressive forms, and targeted rehabilitation and symptom management remain crucial.
Should I exercise?
Absolutely. Regular aerobic and strength training improve fatigue, balance and mood; plans are adjusted to your level.
What about pregnancy and MS?
Many people with MS have healthy pregnancies. Pre-conception counselling helps time DMTs and relapses safely.
BOOK YOUR CONSULTATION
Book a consultation with Dr Francesco Manfredonia (Dr FM) for clear diagnosis, compassionate care and a plan built around your life and goals.